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<title>PALcode</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">PALcode</span></span>

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<p><b>PALcode</b> (<b>Privileged Architecture Library code</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the name used by DEC in the <a href="DEC_Alpha" title="DEC Alpha">Alpha</a> <a href="Instruction_set_architecture" title="Instruction set architecture">instruction set architecture</a> (ISA) for a set of functions in the <a href="System_Reference_Manual" class="mw-redirect" title="System Reference Manual">System Reference Manual</a> (SRM) or <a href="AlphaBIOS" class="mw-redirect" title="AlphaBIOS">AlphaBIOS</a> <a href="Firmware" title="Firmware">firmware</a>, providing a <a href="Hardware_abstraction_layer" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardware abstraction layer">hardware abstraction layer</a> for system software, covering features such as cache management, <a href="Translation_lookaside_buffer" title="Translation lookaside buffer">translation lookaside buffer</a> (TLB) miss handling, interrupt handling, and exception handling. It evolved from a feature of the <a href="DEC_PRISM" title="DEC PRISM">DEC PRISM</a> architecture named Epicode.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>PALcode is Alpha machine code, running in a special mode<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that also allows access to internal registers specific to the particular Alpha processor implementation. Thus, it is somewhere between the role of <a href="Microcode" title="Microcode">microcode</a> and of a hardware <a href="Emulator" title="Emulator">emulator</a>. PALcode is <a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a>-specific,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so different versions of PALcode are required by <a href="OpenVMS" title="OpenVMS">OpenVMS</a>, <a href="Tru64_UNIX" title="Tru64 UNIX">Tru64 UNIX</a>, and <a href="Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a>. Tru64 UNIX PALcode is also used by <a href="NetBSD" title="NetBSD">NetBSD</a>, <a href="FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a>, <a href="OpenBSD" title="OpenBSD">OpenBSD</a> and <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aYioBQAAQBAJ&q=very+flexible"><i>Alpha Architecture Reference Manual</i></a>. Digital Press. 2014. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1483294339</bdi>. <q>PALcode—Alpha's Very Flexible Privileged Software Library A Privileged Architecture Library (PALcode) is a set of subroutines that ...</q></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://download.majix.org/dec/palcode_dsgn_gde.pdf">"PALcode for Alpha Microprocessors System Design Guide"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. May 2, 1996. <q>PALcode for Alpha Microprocessors. System Design Guide. May 1996. This guide explains how to use the Privileged Architecture Library code.</q></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNeil_Rieck" class="citation web cs1">Neil Rieck. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://neilrieck.net/docs/dave_cutler-prism-mica-emerald-etc.html">"Dave Cutler, PRISM, Mica, Emerald, etc"</a>. <i>neilrieck.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-21</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.es40.org/PALcode">"PALcode - ES40 Emulator"</a>. <q>PALcode is Alpha machine code, running in a special mode that allows access to internal registers specific to the particular Alpha processor</q></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.science.unitn.it/~fiorella/guidelinux/tlk/node140.html">"The Alpha AXP Processor"</a>. <q>The Alpha AXP architecture uses a set of subroutines, call privileged architecture library code (PALcode). PALcode is specific to the operating system, the CPU ...</q></cite></span>

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</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511060309/http://h71000.www7.hp.com/faq/vmsfaq_021.html">Hewlett Packard OpenVMS FAQ</a> (archived on May 11, 2011)</li>

<li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://download.majix.org/dec/palcode_dsgn_gde.pdf">"PALcode for Alpha Microprocessors System Design Guide"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Digital Equipment Corporation</a>. May 1996<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2013</span>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFBruce_Hutton" class="citation web cs1">Bruce Hutton. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150713222142/http://www.docstoc.com/docs/103863445/PAL">"Some simple PAL code"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.docstoc.com/docs/103863445/PAL">the original</a> on July 13, 2015.</cite></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Digital_Equipment_Corporation805" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Digital Equipment Corporation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ken_Olsen" title="Ken Olsen">Ken Olsen</a> (founder and CEO, 1957–1992)</li>

<li><a href="Harlan_Anderson" title="Harlan Anderson">Harlan Anderson</a> (co-founder)</li>

<li><a href="Gordon_Bell" title="Gordon Bell">Gordon Bell</a> (VP of engineering)</li>

<li><a href="Robert_Palmer_(computer_businessman)" title="Robert Palmer (computer businessman)">Robert Palmer</a> (CEO, 1992–1998)</li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Instruction_set_architecture" title="Instruction set architecture">Instruction set<br>architectures</a>,<br><a href="Processor_(computing)" title="Processor (computing)">processors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="PDP-11_architecture" title="PDP-11 architecture">PDP-11</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="VAX" title="VAX">VAX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="MicroVAX_78032" title="MicroVAX 78032">MicroVAX 78032</a></li>

<li><a href="Rigel_(microprocessor)" title="Rigel (microprocessor)">Rigel</a>

<ul><li><a href="Rigel_(microprocessor)#Mariah" title="Rigel (microprocessor)">Mariah</a></li></ul></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="DEC_Alpha" title="DEC Alpha">Alpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alpha_21064" title="Alpha 21064">Alpha 21064</a>

<li><a href="Alpha_21164" title="Alpha 21164">Alpha 21164</a> (<a href="Alpha_21164#Alpha_21164PC_(PCA56)" title="Alpha 21164">21164PC</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Alpha_21264" title="Alpha 21264">Alpha 21264</a></li>

<li><a href="Alpha_21364" title="Alpha 21364">Alpha 21364</a></li>

<li><a href="Alpha_21464" title="Alpha 21464">Alpha 21464</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="DEC_PRISM" title="DEC PRISM">MicroPRISM</a></li>

<li><a href="StrongARM" title="StrongARM">StrongARM</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Computer_terminal" title="Computer terminal">Computer<br>terminals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating<br>systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="PDP-7#Software" title="PDP-7">DECsys</a></li>

<li><a href="VAXELN" title="VAXELN">VAXELN</a></li>

<li><a href="ULTRIX" class="mw-redirect" title="ULTRIX">ULTRIX</a></li>

<li><a href="Digital_UNIX" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital UNIX">Digital UNIX</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Programming_language" title="Programming language">Programming<br>languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="BASIC-8" title="BASIC-8">BASIC-8</a></li>

<li><a href="DIBOL" title="DIBOL">DIBOL</a></li>

<li><a href="FOCAL_(programming_language)" title="FOCAL (programming language)">FOCAL</a></li>

<li><a href="MACRO-10" title="MACRO-10">MACRO-10</a></li>

<li><a href="MACRO-11" title="MACRO-11">MACRO-11</a></li>

<li><a href="MUMPS" title="MUMPS">MUMPS</a></li>

<li><a href="VAX_MACRO" title="VAX MACRO">VAX MACRO</a></li>

<li><a href="DIGITAL_Command_Language" title="DIGITAL Command Language">DIGITAL Command Language</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">Character sets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Multinational_Character_Set" title="Multinational Character Set">Code page 1100</a> (Multinational)</li>

<li><a href="Code_page_1287" title="Code page 1287">Code page 1287</a> (Greek)</li>

<li><a href="Code_page_1288" title="Code page 1288">Code page 1288</a> (Turkish)</li>

<li><a href="DEC_Hebrew" title="DEC Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Replacement_Character_Set" title="National Replacement Character Set">National Replacement</a></li>

<li><a href="DEC_RADIX_50" title="DEC RADIX 50">RADIX 50</a></li>

<li><a href="DEC_Special_Graphics" title="DEC Special Graphics">Special Graphics</a></li>

<li><a href="DEC_Technical_Character_Set" title="DEC Technical Character Set">Technical</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Bus_(computing)" title="Bus (computing)">Bus standards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Digital_Storage_Systems_Interconnect" title="Digital Storage Systems Interconnect">Digital Storage Systems Interconnect</a></li>

<li><a href="Massbus" title="Massbus">Massbus</a></li>

<li><a href="Standard_Disk_Interconnect" title="Standard Disk Interconnect">Standard Disk Interconnect</a></li>

<li><a href="Synchronous_Backplane_Interconnect" title="Synchronous Backplane Interconnect">Synchronous Backplane Interconnect</a></li>

<li><a href="TURBOchannel" title="TURBOchannel">TURBOchannel</a></li>

<li><a href="Unibus" title="Unibus">Unibus</a></li>

<li><a href="VAXBI" title="VAXBI">VAXBI</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="Computer_hardware" title="Computer hardware">hardware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="DECserver" title="DECserver">DECserver</a></li>

<li><a href="DECtalk" title="DECtalk">DECtalk</a></li>

<li><a href="DECtape" title="DECtape">DECtape</a></li>

<li><a href="DECwriter" title="DECwriter">DECwriter</a></li>

<li><a href="Digital_Linear_Tape" title="Digital Linear Tape">Digital Linear Tape</a></li>

<li><a href="Dynamically_Redefined_Character_Set" title="Dynamically Redefined Character Set">Dynamically Redefined Character Set</a></li>

<li><a href="Firefly_(cache_coherence_protocol)" title="Firefly (cache coherence protocol)">Firefly</a></li>

<li><a href="Flip-Chip_module" title="Flip-Chip module">Flip-Chip module</a></li>

<li><a href="Mass_Storage_Control_Protocol" title="Mass Storage Control Protocol">Mass Storage Control Protocol</a></li>

<li><a href="Star_coupler" title="Star coupler">Star coupler</a></li>

<li><a href="System_Module" title="System Module">System Module</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="AdvFS" title="AdvFS">AdvFS</a></li>

<li><a href="AltaVista" title="AltaVista">AltaVista</a></li>

<li><a href="Compaq" title="Compaq">Compaq</a></li>

<li><a href="DECnet" title="DECnet">DECnet</a></li>

<li><a href="DECUS" title="DECUS">DECUS</a>

<ul><li><a href="HP-Interex" title="HP-Interex">HP-Interex</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Digital_Federal_Credit_Union" title="Digital Federal Credit Union">Digital Federal Credit Union</a></li>

<li><a href="Dynamic_debugging_technique" title="Dynamic debugging technique">Dynamic debugging technique</a></li>

<li><a href="Local_Area_Transport" title="Local Area Transport">Local Area Transport</a></li>

<li><a href="Maintenance_Operations_Protocol" title="Maintenance Operations Protocol">Maintenance Operations Protocol</a></li>

<li><a href="On-line_Debugging_Tool" title="On-line Debugging Tool">On-line Debugging Tool</a></li>

<li><a href="Record_Management_Services" title="Record Management Services">Record Management Services</a></li>

<li><a href="ReGIS" title="ReGIS">ReGIS</a></li>

<li>Sequence and Batch Language</li>

<li><a href="Sixel" title="Sixel">Sixel</a></li>

<li><a href="System_Reference_Manual" class="mw-redirect" title="System Reference Manual">System Reference Manual</a></li>

<li><a href="DEC_Systems_Research_Center" title="DEC Systems Research Center">Systems Research Center</a></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Ultimate_Entrepreneur" title="The Ultimate Entrepreneur">The Ultimate Entrepreneur</a></i></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"></span></span> Computers template</li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Digital_Equipment_Corporation" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Digital Equipment Corporation">Commons</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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